When sunlight is passed through a prism, it is dispersed into its constituent colors, creating a rainbow-like spectrum. This is because sunlight is not a single color but is composed of multiple colors of different wavelengths. When light passes through a prism, its wavelength is refracted, or bent, at different angles depending on its color. The shorter wavelengths, such as blue and violet, are refracted more than the longer wavelengths, such as red and orange. This causes the colors to separate and form a spectrum of colors from violet to red. This effect is called dispersion. Sunlight can be analyzed using a prism to determine the chemical composition of the sun based on the spectral lines produced by the different elements present in the sun's atmosphere.
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